Author Archives: James Pfeiffer

“Waking Dreams”: A Review of Prophetikon by James Pfeiffer

Prophetikon. Filitsa Sofianou-Mullen. Scalino, 2014. 80 pp.

No one else cares about your dreams. Or, so we’re told. More often than not, dreams are relegated (along with children and pets) to a category of things people supposedly only care about when they’re the people having them. Though, perhaps such a statement deserves more of our skepticism. Literature, and poetry in particular, is full of examples which prove writers can make their dreams compelling: from modern classics like John Berryman’s 77 Dream Songs to contemporary collections like Sarah Arvio’s Night Thoughts. Add to that list Prophetikon, the latest collection from Filitsa Sofianou-Mullen.

While only some of the wonderful poems in Prophetikon are explicitly linked to dreaming, each resembles a dream in its focus and motion. Like dreams, these poems focus on images (often surreal) which hit on a visceral level. Images like travelers “riding centenarian turtles” in the poem, “III. (Immigrants),” or a woodpecker usurping a cuckoo’s nest to lay an egg in “IV. (Prophetikon I).” Though small and direct, these images seem to contain multitudes, like the lingering snapshot of a dream you might carry throughout your day, suspecting it contains revelation. Consider a poem like, “II. (Economy):”

                        When pennies and cents and kronas
                             will bubble up from the
                                  Fontana di Trevi
                        they will march around to Piazza Navona
                        down the Spanish steps
                              up the Capitoline hill—
                                    they want to return the dream
                                    back to the pocket that kept it
                                           secret, unspoken
                                           less futile and cheap
                                                 than when it dipped
                                                 with a metal clink
                                                 into Roman waters.
                        It will be an odd parade
                              dangerous
                              this harbinger of silence
                              and decay.

Here, a single image—coins from the Trevi Fountain rising up to reunite with their owners—comprises the entirety of the poem. But the image, with its surrealism and complexity—in other words, with its dreamlike qualities—produces a lifespan for itself that sustains the entirety of the poem, and resonates long after.

These poems also move in a progression that recalls dreaming. Often, initiating images give way to flights of association, which are ultimately elaborated by sharp returns to reality. This can be seen in a poem like “IX. (The foundation),” in which the speaker seems to enter into a state of daydream:

                        In the old quarry
                               the ash-white dog
                                    sniffs his own trails
                                          overlapping
                                          on gray-blue stones.                       

                        There were people here once
                               men naked from the waist up
                                     white kercheifs tied
                                     with four knots
                                     on top of sweaty curls
                                           silver with dust
                             women would come
                                         quietly on the balls of their bare feet
                                   with earth brown coffee
                                   still in the cesve
                                   —copper black from the coal fires of eons—
                                   there had to be forty bubbles on the foam.

                        The unfinished steps go up and turn
                              higher and higher

                        a boulder marks the end
                              where fires raged and boomed
                        now an open pit
                              with a small dog’s heart
                                    beating inside.

The poem initiates on an image of a dog alone in an open quarry. This image of vacancy prompts the speaker’s imaginative wandering—picturing the quarry in its former state of activity, teeming with people and life. She delivers us to the rich sensory detail of sweat and coffee—the epitome of coffee, with forty bubbles on its foam—only to snap us back to reality by returning to the smallness of the dog within the now-empty pit. But, unlike the way in which reality often enters into dreams, as an interrupting, deflating force, this reality does not constrain the fantasy that came before it. Rather, the two perspectives elaborate one another. In relation to the former life of this quarry, the dog’s small beating heart seems a diminishment, yet its persistence against the emptiness brings a new sense of hope it lacked in the first stanza.

There is so much to praise in these poems: the deft use of sound, the organic forms, the historical and mythological resonances. But what strikes me most is that these poems, like the best poems, are specific and singular, yet avoid becoming insular. And that is what distinguishes this work from dreams recollected over breakfast. These aren’t dreams that are told, they are dreams that are created for us to live in. This is a collection of universes, waiting to be inhabited.

An Interview with A. Molotkov

Molotkov_v02-01James Pfeiffer: Setting seems to be at the forefront of these poems, the opening sentences always grounding us in time and space. How is place important to your poetry or to your view of poetry in general? 

Anatoly Molotkov: As both a poet and a fiction writer, I have a special relationship with places, settings: I mistrust them. Since I was a kid, extensive descriptions and unnecessary specifics in literature have bothered me. My goal is to give the reader enough information to understand the text’s objectives without painting a complete (and therefore exhausting) picture. I’m more interested in a generic river than one with specific water and specific banks. I prefer a bridge to a brown steel bridge unless the two adjectives affect some essential result in the poem. Of course, the right detail is often key to unlocking the reader’s reaction. Under these circumstances, my use of detail is conservative and reluctant. In Your Life as It Is, the second person character seeks to inhabit a place between the page and the reader—I would hesitate to break the applicability of the narrative by providing details that are excessively specific. On the other hand, I often utilize recurring motifs—and in a work of this length they can be especially important. My generic places are among the recurring motifs.

Each of the pieces in this collection is what one might call a prose poem, but they aren’t the block texts which that moniker might imply—instead, there is a repeated four-stanza structure. Can you speak a bit about how that form developed as you were writing the collection? 

The four sections on each page provide a frame for seeing the text and the world in general—four unchanging windows available to examine the ever-shifting set of four views. The issues and the terminology found in each section are skewed towards a particular set of concerns, creating a feel of four separate sub-narratives. This form emerged from the start, rather than through a retrospective reshaping. This approach seemed necessary to provide continuity, and consistent with the notion of life as a series of changing, but similar, days.

The pervading tone of the collection seems to me to be a tone of skepticism. There is a skepticism within the speakers about the ways in which they sense, experience, and think about the world. There is even a feeling of the poet being skeptical of his own conceits and movements within the poems. I found it quite energizing. For example, I’m thinking of all the questioning and challenging of vision and perception that takes place in just a few sentences like: “The little girl rides her bicycle by your front porch. The wheels are frozen, as if she is in a film. You realize you too may be in a film. You look around for a camera, but your own eyes are the camera and the source of light.” 

Am I right to call this skepticism, or would you define it as something else? To what extent can that intense questioning be productive and to what extent can it be burdensome? What makes its presence so necessary in this collection? 

AM: Skepticism is an applicable term, but uncertainty is a better fit for how I feel about it. Sure enough, thesaurus lists it as one of the synonyms for skepticism—but to me, the latter implies a colder, more secure position—a stance of viewing from aside. My second person character is much more embedded in a lack of understanding and the resultant insecurity. The character operates in a world whose rules are inscrutable, liable to change at any moment—indeed, even the core aspects of the character’s identity, such as gender, undergo a metamorphosis. And I would argue that it is the uncertainty lying in wait just steps away from the polished surfaces of our lives that causes our existential insecurities. We rub against this uncertainty in our self-definition. Whether intense questioning is productive for literature is a separate topic, very much dependent on the reader’s expectations and experience with text. Much of my writing contains overt rhetorical questions (those with a question mark at the end) —something I consciously avoided in “Your Life as It Is”. I often get criticized for the preponderance of questions in my work—just as often, I get complimented for the same trait. It’s up to each reader to decide which modes of literary evocation affect them correctly.

What do you hope readers will encounter in Your Life as It Is? 

AM: It is difficult to formulate a recipe for my readers, with Your Life as It Is or any other work. The reader brings emotional and intellectual history to a literary text, and the final version of any text is the reaction created in the reader’s mind and heart. Thus, written text lives many lives. I rely on the readers to discover their own ways to interact with my texts. Just as writing is ultimately an intuitive process, so is reading. I’m reluctant to preempt that intuitive experience.  In any case, I prefer to be the last person to understand my own work. I leave interpretive joys and responsibilities to the reader.

“I hope readers will see something new in what is commonplace” :
An Interview with Lori A. May

Lori A. MayJames Pfeifer interviews Lori A. May about her new poetry book, Square Feet (Accents Publishing, 2014) 

Square Feet focuses on domestic space. And I think in its narrowing in, it allows us to see things we might be over-accustomed to, like the kitchen table, with fresh eyes.  What are the difficulties in working with material (like the home) that your reader likely has deep personal associations with? What are the strengths? 

I enjoyed taking a fresh look at what seems so familiar. Whether it was everyday objects or spaces—like the junk drawer—or nooks and crannies we try to avoid, it was for exactly what you’ve said, that we have personal associations with these things, that made the process of Square Feet so engaging. Our domestic spaces are personal, but that’s also what unites us in a way. We all have our creature comforts, our favorite coffee mugs or pieces of clothing. We have our outside worlds and our private worlds, so this collection encouraged me to explore the lines between the private and the public, to blur those lines and expose those personal attachments and feelings. I suppose the risk is that a reader may not feel as my poetic speakers do, but I hope there is something to connect to, on some level, that still offers a take-away.

How did this collection come into being? Was there an aha moment where you decided the collection would focus on the home or was the process more organic?

I had drafted a few poems that all related to the domestic in one way or another, but it wasn’t until I saw that these were more about relationships within the domestic space, and how those relationships are shifted or shaped by their environments and material accessories that I began to think in terms of a cohesive collection. The title came to me in a sudden burst early on and I knew immediately Square Feet worked, both as a title and for a frame to work within. I continued to draft so-called random poems, but any time a poem fell into my theme and framework, I set it aside for the collection.

Square FeetWhat did you learn about home or domesticity in writing this collection?

I think I learned what I already knew, but the process of writing cemented a few notions, for sure. How we value our privacy once we close the doors to our home, yet open up to vulnerabilities when we invite others into our space. We trust others in such personal and private spaces, hoping there is no judgment, cringing at the thought of what others think of our messy closets, dusty window frames, chipped serving platters. We so often work to hide pieces of ourselves and present the best-of in the outside public space, but it’s harder to hide things in the home. And we shouldn’t have to. But it was an interesting process to bring together a few speakers and alternating points-of-view in this collection, to reveal how fragile that trust is and how guarded we can be in our personal spaces, particularly when we feel threatened.

In addition to poetry, you write fiction and creative nonfiction. How does your work in prose influence your poetry, and how does your poetry influence your prose?

On any given day I’ll work on both prose and verse, so the two definitely intersect for me. I’ll think about sound and diction when working on prose, like I would with poetry, just to challenge myself and make deliberate choices. In poetry, I’ll take a step back to think how the draft speaks to a story arc and what I might do to enliven the imagery and point of view.

What do you hope readers will encounter in Square Feet?

I hope readers will see something new in what is commonplace. I hope readers will walk away from this collection with a sense of discovery and perhaps a sense of unity, in that affirmation that we are all so similar when it comes to what we want, how we behave, and what we desire. Life is challenging and hectic and chaotic most days, but it’s also kind of simple. We all work toward similar goals and dreams, when you get to the base of things, and I think that’s interesting. “That is part of the beauty of all literature,” F. Scott Fitzgerald said. “You discover that your longings are universal longings, that you’re not lonely and isolated from anyone. You belong.” My hope is that readers will see something of themselves in Square Feet and maybe nod a little the next time they open up that junk drawer.

Square Feet is currently available from the Accents Store.